Numbers of first sculpture sample of the world was dated into figures made by limestone in 7000 B.C. in the result of carried excavations of Pirot-Jafarhoyuk in 1979 – 1986. After the excavation, some of these daylit artifacts are still being exhibited in Malatya Museum. In case of we follow up historical chronology, main ceramics of the precinct is exclusive colour, scant fired and dense lined. Beside this ceramic, imported Halaf type ceramic samples in Hekimhan, Kuyuluk, Hinso and Arguvan – Karahoyuk; samples of ceramics distempered by Hassuna paint are being met in Aslantepe, Degirmentepe, Isahoyuk and Firincihoyuk. Excavations of Aslantepe and Degirmentepe shows that the settlement in the region carried on in Chalcolithic age between 5000 – 3000 B.C. Multitudinous stamps and seals from stone and fired bricks/immature soil in Degirmentepe and Aslantepe are bearing testimony that is important  commercial centre these quarters. A trade was realized with Anatolia, Northern Mesopotamia and Syria by way of Euphrates River.

            The ceramics have been manufactured by hand in Malatya in 3000 B.C., and its dough is mixed by sand and black lined. These samples of ceramics have been met in Aslantepe, Hasirci, Firincihoyuk, Karahoyuk, Isahoyuk, Morhamam, Kosehoyuk, Imamoglu, Demirmentepe, Kosgerbaba and Pirothoyuk.

            In the 2nd Bronze Age, ceramic samples which have started at the beginning of 2500 B.C. have been met in patches.

Handmade and fired ceramics relating to the 3rd period of Early Bronze Age are mostly coloured and camel haired, decorated and covered by designs with wideband in Malatya area. These samples have been met in Aslantepe, Degirmentepe, and Pirothoyuk. The temple which was dated in 3200 B.C. has been day-lit in 1992 by excavations of Aslantepe and thrown a new light on history, archaeology and the most important religious and cultural centre of the region, Mesopotamia’s Culture and centurized culture and as a first sample of Anatolia’s temple.

The Hittite Period

            It is understood that some bared samples of the ceramic in Aslantepe that Hittites have presented their entity in Anatolia in early years of 2000 B.C.

            Anitta, The king of Kussara has congregated Anatolia under a sole management and rustled up political unity in 1750 B.C. In this period, it has been thought that Malatya  participated in the political unity. The 1st Hattusilis  insured the Northern Syrian road. The 1st Mursilis, his son who replaced instead of him has rustled up Anatolia’s political unity after the war times to Aleppo and Babylon. Malatya has joined the unity of Hittite and become a city of Hittite in period of Kings due to its position on the important crossroad between Northern Syrian and Anatolia.  The1st Hattusilis has taken action upon idea of his external benefits in the south what his father, the 1st Musilis gave and captured Aleppo and Baghdat and it is seem in the documents of Akkads that he was entitled as “The Great King”.

            Sovereignty of the Hittite unity in Northern Syria was seized by Mittani Kingdom in result of rebellions arose in patches in period of Ammunas and Huzziyas from Kings of Hittites in 1500 B.C. Shuppiluma, King of Hittites M.Ö. 1450 has overthrown Sovereignty of Mittani by crossing the waters of Euphrates. In this way, He has re-brought Malatya in empire of Hittite. Malatya was concatenated to centre of Hittite in period of 2nd Mursilis, Muvatalli and 3rd Hattusilis. Assyrian King, the 1st Tiglat pisaser has assaulted toward Malatya according to an Assyrian document between 1116-1096 B.C. and won King Allumu. He has held people of city to ransom and laid them under contribution.

            A dark age has ruled over in Anatolia due to tribal migrations between 1200-1000 B.C. Malatya has gained its essential importance in this age.  Hittite Government was consisting of a few small feodals. One of these feudalities was Alse Kingdom; situated in the elbow shaped area which he has built-up area on Malatya side of Euphrates.

             In period of Late Hittite; epigraphs and sites relating to the late Hittites have been found in Malatya and in its environment, especially in Iskepçur, Darende, Gurun, and Aslantepe. Sculptures and Sites have been showing how large the late Hittites has expanded to the region. 

            In 1000 B.C; Malatya has led the life by depending on Kargamish Kingdom. Someone called “Sasa” was known as King of Malatya according to found epigraph in the next quarters to Gurun. Assyrian King, the 2^nd Adad Nirari (911-891 B.C.) took Kargamish under his sovereignty and in this way, domination of Kargamish over Malatya has been ended.

             Assyrian King, the 3rd Salmanassar (858-824 B.C.) accepted to pay the protection payment which 24 kings of Tabal and Hilakku has connoted and attacked over Malatya during his return and won king of Malatya and then laid Lalli king of Malatya (835 B.C.).

Malatya, one of the Late Hittites States, we have been learning history of Malatya from hieroglyphic epigraphs of Hittites, from almanacs of Assyrian Kingdoms, and from epigraphs of Urartians. Name of Malatya in Assyrian documents; is such as Milid, Melid, Milidia, Meliddu. It has been in resources of Urartian called as “Melitea”, Calf head and foot in hieroglyphic epigraphs of Hittites, Malatya has been represented with ideograms of city foot and calf head.           

            There is a record in Palo rocky epigraphs related to times of  Ispuinis (824-816 B.C.) from Urartian was won kings and his son Menuas (816-807 B.C.) about  Sulumeli, King of Milid. However, it is understood that king of Malatya has not easily obeyed new hegemony. It is understood that the 1st Argistis (789-766 B.C.) has organized an expedition countries of Hatti by courtesy of God Haldi and and rebelled against to country of Tuwate’s son again, the 3^rd Sarduri (765-733 B.C.) has vanquished Hilaruvata, son of Sahu, King of Melitea and then looted the city.

Urartians, 2nd Sarduri (765-735 B.C.) has crossed the waters of Euprates on side of Izollu in order to do relationship with Melid Country was Aslantepe of today in mid of 8th Century B.C., and forced Hilaruda to pay protection money by winning him who ruled the region.  We have understood through the rocky epigraph of re-called “Izollu” with the same name. Mold of this epigraph has been taken from its place and exhibited in Malatya Museum due to it is now under the lake of Karakaya Dam.

            Urartian sovereignty has continued until succession to the throne of Assyrian King, the 3rd Tiglat Pisaser. In period of this king, Funziano, king of Malatya in 722 B.C. has been taken prisoner by 2nd Sargon Assyrian King.  At this date, Assyrian King has taken Malatya under his hegemony and got Tarhunaz, king of Malatya in end the of a rebellion in 713 B.C. and refuged the king with his people together to Asurria and Basra, and has brought some of Basrian people and settled them in Malatya.  We understand from the epigraphs of the 2nd Sargon that an Assyrian king was given to Malatya, 150 war carts, 1500 cavaliers, 20.000 infantrymen, 10.000 shields, speers and speer bearers have been  delivered in his favor. Name of Assigned king to Malatya was Mutallum. In accordance with this document, importance of Malatya was laid down with its greatness and population. 

            In period of Sanharib, Assyrian King (705-681 B.C.); Malatya under  Assyrian Sovereignity, in time of Asar Haddon (681-669 B.C.). Later on, Sovereignities of Med and Partians have been encountered.

Original Name of Malatya

            In name and settlement of Malatya, Malatya is one of the cities has come up until now from the top without undergoing a great change. Malatya which has been alluded as saying “Melita” in documents of Kultepe was alluded as “Maldia" in Hittites documents. Its name was as Meliddu, Melide, Melid, Milid, Milidia in period of Assyrian Empire. It was called as “Melitea” in Urartian resources. Malatya city was implied with a calf head and foot in Hittites hieroglyphic epigraphs. Strabon (58 B.C.-21 A.D.) had continuously stated Malatya as “Melitene” Geographers of ancient age Strabon. Malatya was situated in a large area between “Kataonia” and Euphrates River in the frontier of Commagene, one of Cappadocian Kingdom’s governorships (280-212 B.C.) that he has not categorically allocated its place.

            Whereby, Melitene was (state the region between Elazig and Euphrates of today) a situated state over against Sophane to the extent that is name of a region has not have a city. According to Strabon, this region was bedecked with olives, grapes and fruit trees and also sole site in Cappadocia.

            Depending on Pline, Pline claimed that Malatya was founded by Assyrian Queen, Samiramis with name of Meliten. This information have been corrected by later studies.

Developed Maldia-Melitene (Malatya), has housed location since Chalcolithic age and portioned 27 legacy floors of culture in Aslantepe of today. Malatya has migrated to Battalgazi 4 km away from here where was founded in 79-81 B.C. used as legion headquarters in time of Roman king,Titus. Once again, the city was named as Melitene. From now on, this name was to be started to be used as name of city. Ramparts of Roman Site had been started to be built in this period. This area was being protected as an important center by taking its geographic situation and its geopolitic importance into consideration in Roman period. In period of Byzantine Empire, it has politicaly and economicaly protected these values of it.           

            In result of Byzantine Empire and Arabian conflicts, the city was captured by Moslem (659A.D.). In records of Byzantine; while name of Malatya City was being used as Melitene, it had been converted by Arabs as "Malatiyye" near to its permanant name.  Both Arabs had settled this city as a center of Sugur al-Jazariyyah and thriving this city as urban and the greatest city of the region. In time of Haron Rashed from Abbasids (786-809 A.D.), it had been deserved to be center of an autonomous admisintrative region with name of Al-Avasım. In this way, Malatya had borne characteristic of being a movement base of Greek districts to Istanbul.

            This is its center, its another character has become an important settlement place for Turks came from Tarsus, Adana, Maras and Horosan we know that Malatya have been a settlement place since very early times. Entity of Turks has appeared in this region during of Arab- Byzantine conflicts. Turks have borne this name (Malatya) to now  by no changing it as they have receved it from Arabs. Since 11.Century;  Anatolia has begun to be a Turkish country. One of the cities in which Arab- Byzantine conflicts had densed was Malatya. Between 1056-1101, Malatya was one or two times changed hand. In 1101, Malatya was captured by sovereignity of Mohammad Maaliq Gazi of Danishmand and then become Turkishized Country not changing again. In period of Seljukes; which was known as "Vilayet-i Malatya" has been named Daru'r-Rifa due to  meaning of it is a paramountcy and a nobility.

            In records of Goverment of Memluke; malatya and its environment which were settled with Dulqadersons and other Turkomans have been remembered with fame of  Ilım Al-Ozaria (Country of Ozairia).   

            Military of Ottoman has barracked in the called city with the same name in 1838 in period of Ottomans. People of the region have emigrated to the summery houses as known “Aspuzu wineyards”, settled there and then the present city has been consisted. Battalgazi which survives its entity as a touristic district composed the essential historical core while Malatya has been coming to date with a modern restruction. Malatya has come to date without much namechanging in light of this information Malatya.

Period of Medds

            After death of Assyrbanipal (667-631 B.C.), magnificent period of Assyria did not continued for a long term. Meantime, Medds have constituted a powerful state under keyaksar administarion (625-585 B.C.)

            Assyrian sovereignity expected to reached its identity under Princedom of Babylon. Nabupolassar who was ruling Babylon princedom has signed an agreement with Medd king, Keyaksar against to Assyria.   At the same time, Kimmers have agreed with Medds have attacked in collobation. These arms have attacked to territories of Assyrian and shared between Medds and Babylons in 612 B.C. Anatolian territories to Kizilirmak River were in share  of Medds. Lidia State in Western Anatolia have anxiously followed  invansion of Medds in Eastren Anatolia. In 590 B.C., Medd Army whom acrossed the Euphrates River  in the environs of Malatya have occupied the territories to Kizilirmak River.   Both Armies of King Medd, Keyaksar and Lidia King, Alyattes M.Ö. have met to fight and however, ended the battle due to accepting solar eclipse jinx.   Kizilirmak was accepted a frontier between both parties. Thereby, region of Malatya went under the sovereignity.

            State of Medds was a despotist goverment depending on power of military. They were not able to warrant a permanent government where they occupied. 2nd Kiros came from Ahamenish race of persians living on the southeastren high plateaues of Iran have attempted to benefit of in which contradictions Medds  government have become entangled. In 584-550 B.C. he has shellaced Medds King, Astiyag. In short period, he has occupied whole Anatolia to the east riverside  of  Kizilirmak.   Thereby,environs of Malatya have been aslo captured by Persians.

Persian Period

            The 1st Dareios (Daryus), Persian King, 522-485 B.C.  separated the country that was consisting of 127 states into 23 satraps for purpose of founding a regular government. Region of Malatya was connected to the great satrap of Cappadocia whose centre of Qaiseri. In region of Malatya monuments which have been confronted are reflexing Medds and Persian sovereignties. Road between Mazaka - Malatya which was pivot of region economy has become important in this period. Malatya has become a city on the crossroad of social and economic relations tying with a knot between the East the and West. Malatya in 400 B.C. after king of Macedonia, after The Great  Alexander siezed Anatolia, has not touch persian administrative system. He supplied helenistic culture to expand throughout Anatolia with his assigned commandants. Malatya stayed under affects of Helenistic culture in this period.

            After death of the Great Alexander in 323 B.C., this great empire has been shared among his commandants and his satrabs. Cappadocian Satrab, Evmenes has claimed to be the owner of  Malatya. However, Antigonos, commandant has won Cappadocian satrab, Evmenes of Alexander , the great in 315 B.C.  Iran , Iraq and the Southern Anatolia have been captured by him when Babylon satrab, Selevcos of Alexander,the great  won Antigonos after the long timed wars. Thereby, bases of the great selocid state  was laid in  (312 B.C.). sovereignity of Selevcos over the territories included Malatya has come true after he won his competitor in 281 B.C.

            Domination of Selevcoses over Malatya only outlasted for a year. In result of rebellion of regional people, selevcos had to leave Malatya. At the same time, sovereignity of cappadocian administration over Malatya  was streightened more. Cappadocian kingdom had announced  Harput independence of today called sofen princedoms and  buckled under princes who announced harput’s independence of today, had to leave his administration of region (212 B.C.).

            Thus, administartion in the region was again captured by   Selevcoses. People of region whom were not happy with the administration took shelter of Farmekes related to Pontus Kingdom in the North. Malatya area had depended upon Pontus (170 B.C.) for a long term.  After Roman army in command of Pompeius won Mitridates Evpator, Pontus King (120-63 B.C.)  Malatya was taken into frontier of Roman state, called cabira on the shre of Kelkit River. (66 B.C.)

Roman Period

            Malatya which had become a place of call of Roman armies  was standing on the basing point tying the east to the west and the north to the east. Euphrates river seperating east and west had increased importance of this area much more. Two legions of Romans had settled in this region. 12th Fulminita, one of these legions was sent to Melitene and nominated there.  16th Flavita, another one was sent to Samosato (Samsat – Adiyaman). Romans situated two ones of 30 legions on the riverside of Euphrates  lays down that  the importance of region. 12 legions which were situated in Melitene had become the most important bases in the East. These legions had secured public peace and become guard of eastren frontiers laid Blacksea to Zeugma. The reason why Romans had situated 12 legions in this area that was beacuse it was an important crossroad, Euphrates let a passible way here, water source and food were abundant.

            Place of site in Aslantepe was relocated with situation of 12 Legions.  Battalgazi district was founded in the northside 4 kms away from this place. around of city was surrounded by waters. Ramparts of city  (98-117 B.C.) was built  in period of Traianus. In period of Traianus; Melitene had become an important frontier base  against to Persians and  a crossing point through which the soldiers drove.

            In period of Romans, neighbour cities had always assaulted Melitene carried characters of being neighbour city. ramparts of city had stumbled due to wars, battles were restorated and enlarged in period of  Empire Constantius (M.S. 363). As in all roman country,disquiet and rebellion had increased and the city had continuously changed hand. Later on Sapor, Persian King had won Byzantine Empire, Valance and dominated Roman influnce.

            The monuments and remainings related that period could not have reached to date were worned, stumbled and destroyed Malatya which was used as a militaristic headquarters by Romans. Cultural findings and remainings which have reached to our time are nowadays exhibited in Malatya Museum.

            Theodosius Magnus had shared the Empire between his  two sons Arcadius and Honorius, given east of empire to Arcadius in 395 (379-382 B.C.). Malatya had remained inside of Eastren Roman Empire after division of the empire, from that period on, its importance had maintaned.

Period of Byzantine Empire

            Malatya which had stayed under government of Eastren Roma was used asn a militaristic headquarters for years again. In this period, tramparts were renewn again. militaristic headquarters which was called as Fulminatris legion have been called as Licandos by Byzantines. Byzantines emperor, Akilleon (457-474) had named Malatya as 12th Temi. In year of 532 A.D. ramparts of city were re-bulted again in time of the emperor, Justinyanus. In time of this emperor,  Malatya city was centre of state. Byzantines had developed Malatya more than Romans.  Water necessary of city was contributed of Gunduzbey water sources known as Derme waters today. Settlement places of  which  are known as Gunduzbey, Yesilyurt, Yakinca, banazi, Bostanbasi and Tajda in region have been founded in period of Byzantine. Because, remanings of pool and house  with mosaics from Byzantine have been met. One of these has been found in station of Agricultural Fruit Research in Tajda and determined in area. In 1895,  7 counts of Byzantine golden coins had been found during excavation of mentioned pool works. These are exhibited in Malatya Museum. Another one is remaining in a wineyard near to a creek, called Horata in Upper Banazi (Konak).

            On the other hand, it has been understood of remainings and monuments of Castle inside/outside that the city had expanded on a large area and was Christianized. Multitudinous city and curch and monastry had been built in its environs, but these temples were casted down by Islam-Byzantine battles. The great and small mousques which were built by moslems had been also casted down by christians in the same way.

            Byzantines had used Malatya as a border city against to Sassanid Empire. A great pitched battle had occured Sassanid Empire between Sassanid Empire - Byzantine Empire in autum of 575 A.D, 1st Husraw- Sassanid Emperior had reduced a town to ashes due to be able to take a trimming. Malatya which had changed a hand between Moslem Arabs and  Byzantines for a long time was derived to be a centrial situation of Avasim towns. Eastren part of Euphrates in Anatolia was seized during the first invasion of Moslems. In period of Umayyads; this conquer had been completed and captured under control of moslems and Governorship of two bourder had been established as in Jaihan River-Adana and Euphrates Tarsus which was Center of Adana region, Malatya which was center of Euphrate region.

            Malatya had become an inapportionable central position between Moslem Arabs and Byzantines until Anatolia had been entirely Turkishized. Since the 7th Century, it had been continuously under attack of Arabian incursionists. These remainings /findings have confronted us as a last time of Byzantine in Malatya that it is understood insofar as from these golden coins related to period Michael Ducas (1071-1078) found in excavation of bath construction in Battalgazi district in 1993.

Period of Islam

            Many times Moslems Arabs had captured with their operated attacks Malatya. Even if, the army under command of habib bin Mesleme which Iyadh Bin Ganem had sent occupied Malatya, they could not have stayed here for a more time. Syrian Governor, Moawia had resent Habib bin Mesleme to Malatya again. He left  the administration to the governor who he nominated after Habib bin Mesleme had captured the city in 656, situated bodies of miltary troops . Moawia (661-680) had come to this city and stayed a bit time and increased number of soldier. He had brought a part of moslem people from Iraq and Syria and settled them in Malatya for the purpose of city to be moslemized. Malatya had been bought to be military base in case summer invansions against to Byzantines.

            Due to Invansions’ duty onto anatolia was derelicted during battles between Hz.Ali (kv) and Moawia, Byzantines saw moslem people and soldiers had receded and then occupied Malatya again.  They had casted down all catles and put them to the sword.   In period of Umayyads, caliph Omar bin Abdulaziz (717-720) had settled escaping Iraqi people in Darende. He had nominated Jawana Bin El Haris as a governor here.   In years of 740-41, Byzantine army under command of Askiwash had laid on Malatya. During the siege, people had closed the gates, then caliph isham had come into Malatya and then did not leave here until the town was restorated.

            Melih bin Sahab who was dominated as a governor to the city and  Abdullah bin Battal together had beleaguered City of Synada. Islamic army had splattered to get in area called Palazhashum. Three years late after this battle, Abdollah Al Battal had been martried in carried battle in near to Acronion in 740. On the same date, supposed that Abdolwahhab who was battle-mate of Battal Ghazi had been martried in conflicts and battles of Byzantine- Arabs.

            In 755, Emperior of Byzantine, Malatya which had been ravaged by the 5th Constantinous was catured by army under the command of Salih bin Ali bin Abdollah whom clobbered byzantine army under command of the fifth Constantinous. Al Mansur, Caliph 754-775), nominated his nephew called Imam Abdolwahab bin Ibrahim as a governor of Malatya. He had gone to Malatya under command of Hassan bin Kahtaba in 757 and got Malatya restored. And left an army consisted of 4000 individuals and then left the city after completed the restoration.

            Abbas of Caliph Haroon Rashed (786-809) had gotten Malatya as a base and organized assaults over Byzantines. Emperior  of Byzantine, Theophilos had assulted over Doghanshaher and Malatya in 837 and ravaged the region. In 838, the Arabian army under command of Abu Said Mohammad bin Yousuf of Caliph Al Mo’tasım could not have won out against to Byzantines. Islamic army under commnad of Afshin,with Turkish Origin and Abdollah bin Marwan al Aqda  , who with Arabian origin had discomfited Byzantine army by assistance of Malatya people. However, Byzantine armies had seized the city in 841. Towards middle of 9th century, governor of Malatya, Omar bin Abdollah al Aqda supported them when Pawlicans whom had settled down in westren and nothern areas of city rebelled against to Byzantines. He had organized invasions to interior  Anatolia in 868. he was splattered by the third Michael Patronas. Abdollah bin Marwan al Aqda had been killed by Byzantines this battle.

            During the First Basileios (867-886), even though Byzantine army had occupied Darende and Doghanshaher and ravaged this area they could not have acquired it. During siege, the Byzantine had a heavy loss. The emperiod had survived himsel away from being a prisoner. In 917, Mounis  Al Mozaffar, arabian commander had organized invasions to interior Anatolia. Hereupon he met a success from the summer-winter invasions , Mohamad bin Naser in 923, Byzantines in 926-927 had orgainzed opposite attacks with an army which was under command of Qurquwas and  looted Malatya. Malatya’s governor had sent his son, Abu Hafs and his commander to Qurquwas and accepted sovereinity of Byzantine.

            Hamdanian Amer of Mousul, Nasırud Dawlah al-Hassan (929-962)  and his uncle, Said – ud Dawlah had organized invasions over Malatya and acquired city from Byzantine again. In 934, Qurquwas had re-occupied Malatya again and taken ramparts collapsed and left the city without defence.

            In following years the sultan of Hamdani, saif-ud- Dawlah (945-962) had aquired Malatya several times. In 961-962, Najah who was from commanders had fought to Byzantines for 18 days  , and got city collapsed and city looted.

            He has tried to re-populated Malatya again after Emperior of Byzantine, the 2nd Nikaphour Focas (963-969) had captured Southeastren Anatolia and Syria. Sending a news to Syrian Jacobs  he required them to come Malatya and settle here. A large part of Jacobs settled in Malatya in 970 and started to maintain their life under the Byzantine sovereignity.

 Seljukian Period

            In eleventh Century, Turks had tended towards Anatolia rushing and surging in grounds. notwithstanding Malatya was captured by Turks before Victory of Malazhgirt in 1057, Byzantines have captured the city again.  In period of L.İsaakios Comnenos (1057-1059), Turks siezed Malatya and took the people as prisons. Constantinos Ducas who had  re-siezed Malatya again in (1059-1067), 1060-61 built ramparts of Malatya’s and regulated its dikes. However, it was not able to be prevented that the town was siezed by for a short time in 1064 and 1066. However, the Turks whom had not got any necessary weapons for siege had to beat retreat from the grounds where they had acquired  by no coping with the enemies.

             In the meantime, disagreement had been continuing between Gregorian Armanias and Orthodox Christians. In early 11. Century, Eastern Anatolia had been occupied and the Armanians here were exiled to Euphrates region.  the Armanias have stepped down and  met in Malatya, Marash and Urfa due to Turkish incursions starting in the same century. Therefore, they could not have assisted to Byzantines in order to protect Anatolia against Turks. Emperior of Byzantine, Romanos Diogenes in 1071 have organized a great invasion for disseizing Turks(1068-1071). They caused a reason why Byzantines were taken a beating due to the Armanias collectively left the Malazgirt and Uz, Pachanak Turks have passed over Alpaslan side.

            Turks whom fought down last resistance power of Byzantines by this victory have started to flowing swiftly in Anatolia. Kutalmishson, Suluman Shakh in conflicts starting amongst their ownselves the princes of sultan rebelled and other feudals with their tribes an clans had been trying to settle a land. Hereupon the death of Aplaslan In 1072, his son, Maaliqshakh (1072-1092), accessed to the throne. However, his uncle, Kaword had approved his Sultanate He invited Artugbeg for assistance that was busy with conquest in Anatolia on further he understood that he would not have been able to quell an uprising that Kaword had started.

            Artugbeg left Anatolia in 1073 with purpose to assist to Maaliqshakh. In this meantime, Sulaiman Shakh from Kutalmishsons and his brother Mansour have siezed the area Konia to Iznik and established Anatolian Seljukes State and declared the independence in 1075.    

            The Armanians took advantage of in which they met middle and western Anatolia established many princedoms Turkish Armies come by rushing and surging in grounds. Fileratos who was charged in controlling Line of Malatya-Antaqia against to Turks had begun to open up his own account later on after Malazgirt Battle. Franks Commander, Raimbaut and his soldiers with armanians in Tauruses had unified under his administartion. Thus, Filaretos who was empored and succeeded to discomfit Izak, the governor, who was nominated by the 7. Michael Ducas in 1074. Later on, had entered into a battle with armanian prince, Thornig in relation to Byzantine in areas of Mush and Siirt. During these battles Raimbaut had albeit died, he succeeded to dispose of Thornig. as he disseized Urfa from Leon, the governor of Byzantine in 1077, he had succeeded to bind  Gabrial, the ortodox armanian settled in Malatya. 

            Filaretos whom forbore from seljukes by sending his wife to Maaliqshakh in Baghdad he has riveted his sovereignity with an edict that he provided from Maaliqshakh. Filaretos who had got Armanian Vasag killed who appeared on the Ephrates Riverbornes bloted out rumens in Antacia. Thus; he had established an enormous princedom obtaining areas of Malatya, Marash, Antacia and Urfa.  In this meantime, the friendship with the sultan of Great Seljukes, Sultan Maaliqshakh for which Filaretos had built was solicitousing. the Shakh,  Sulaiman had bounded Kilikia to himself in 1082 versus this friendship. Maaliq Danishmend Ghazi who was chieftain stepped onto Malatya in 1085 but could not have acquired the town. Filaretos went to Ray (Tehran) on the off chance of receiving an assistance of Maaliqshakh. He could not have taken any affirmative result by this visit to the Sultan. A little time later, he died in Marash.

            Here upon Sulaiman Shakh in June 5. 1086 was killed by Toutush, one of  Sultan of the Great Seljukes’ Commanders. His sons; Kilich Arslan and Kulan Arslan had been arrested as prisons that had drastically gotten Seljukes traumatized.  He had left his son, Abol Qasım instead of him while Sulaiman Shakh had went this expedition. In this way,  the state was prevented to be collapsed.

            Death of Maaliqshakh in 1092, the first Kilich Arslan who ran away from  Iran had turned back to Iznik. Anatolian Seljukes have clubed together in his regime in a short time. Anyhow Maaliq Danismand Ghazi, he was planning to sieze Malatya. when  Son of the first Kilich Arslan, Kulan Arslan (Dawoud) had beleaguered the town, he went into the town, due to his territorial pretensions over Malatya, drove away Armanian Gabrial and Anatolian Seljukes. The 1st Kilich Arslan who had siezed Malatya earlier than them intensified the siege while Danishmands were waiting for an appropriate situation in 1095. Albeit he had acquired supports of Armanian and Assyrian patriarch of the town, Gabrial took him killed. Hereupon, Anatolian Seljukes had decided to sieze the town by the battle. In this meantime, start of the first crusade had caused a reason why the fist Kilic Arslan had abandoned  the siege.

            Antolian Seljukes and danishmands had met together after shock of the crusade had driven through, Maaliq Danishmand Ghazi had stepped towards Malatya in 1098  while the first Kilic Arslan was busy with Byzantine. The siege had overrun a long time due to the ramparts of castle walls were very strong. Danishmands have cut off the linkage between the environment and the site and waited for three years. Besieging the town had been maintained in summer months, they were turning back to Sivas in winters.            

            Gabrial who understood that he could not stand for a long period have sent messengers to Antacian Prince, Bohemond in end of an agreement, proposed to give the city and his beautiful daughther , Morfia who was very famous with her beauty to him. Hereupon, the crusaders have at once acted. the Armanians in Malatya who welcomed these individuals had started to go over to the Danishmands’ side due to despoliations, cruelties and booties which crusaders have committed. Maaliq Danishmand Ghazi has ambushed and  discomfited the Crusaders in front of Malatya with assistance of Armanians. Such as initially famous Count of crusaders, Bhomod and Richard of Frank commanders had been arrested as prisoners( in 1100).

            An invasion of crusade had been organized in order to rescue the arrested prisoners in Niksar. Hereupon, Danishmands have laid off to beleaguered Malatya, Gabrial had also invited Count of Urfa, Baotounin and put himself under his care. Anatolian Seljuke and Danimand Forces destroyed the crusade armies whom have come to Anatolia in 1101. Maaliq Danishmand Ghazi has re-beleaguered Malatya again. A great dearth started when the town was beleaguered.

             Gabrial and Rumens tyrannized Syrians and Armanias  and robbed and booted their properties due to they mistrusted them and killed most of them. Syrian people have, sending metrepolitan bishop, Barsabuni, of Malatya to Gabrial tried to close up him to peace.  Gabrial who thought that this is an assassination against to him killed Barsabuni and his committee members. Thus, the soldiers and people had to do a batrayal. Theygot angry so that had to open the Gates of the town for Danishmands.

            Maaliq Danishmand Ghazi said that he would have given a share of the town’s scenic beauties to the soldiers  so as tomotivate them. The captured properties were shared when the city had been siezed. Notwithstanding people had been provided to get back their Works and houses by no touching anybody. Thereto, he had gotten the perishable commodities such as wheat, oxes and agricultural products and materials expanded to the people from which he brought from his country.  He forgave freedoms for the individuals in the jails. Gabrial and his family were killed by the people aggresed by him. 

            Malatya has become an abundance and fertility landin time of Danishmand Ghazi Ahmad. Malatya which was beleaguered by Kilich Arslan and laid off due to Iznik siezedby Crusaders had become a Turkish Land in 18 September 1101by conquest of Danishmand Ghazi onl and later on it stayed under the regimes of Seljukes and Danishmands

            Malatya which Sultan of Anatolian Seljukes, the first Kilich Arslan had for a long time craved to sieze was occupied by Danishmands so that he did not entertain this event. Anatolian Seljukes and Danishmands were on strained terms when Maaliq Danishmand Ghazi let the sentenced commanders of Crusade in Niksar versuıs ransoming. 

            The first Kilich Arslan in 1103 had assauled to Danishmands. The first Kilich Arslan has won in Marash battle-field. After death of Maaliq Danishmand Ghazi in 1105 Anatolian Seljukes beleaguered Malatya. Upon Yaghsiyan who was son of Maaliq Danishmand Ghazi understood that he would not be able to defend the town, he delivered the town to Seljukes. He had taken the governorship from hand of Chokermish and delivered to Chawli. The people of Mousul had gotten childish aged son of him, Zangi a governor when Chawli killed Chokermish. The people of the town had sent a news to the first Kilich Arslan when Chawli had beleaguered Malatya.The first Kilich Arslan had won Chawli in Nusaibin and came to Mousul. He made preparations to meet to Chawli attacking onto Mousul with new powers after he had nominated his son Shahin Shakh for the governorship of the town and Bozumush Bahadir charged for commandership of the town. The first Kilich Arslan had been killed in the battle and his son , Shahin Shakh was jailed and taken to Iran. Bozumush bahadir have brought Tughrul Arslan Beg, younger brother of the first Kilich Arslan to Malatya and announced him as a Soltan.

               Hasan Beg had undertook the administrration of Konia. In 1110, Shahin Shakh who had escaped from Iran came to Konia and acceded to the throne and provided unity of Seljukes .

            In 1115, Mehmed Tapar, Soltan of Great Seljukes sent an army under command of Porsuk to Anatolia. Chieftain of Artuklu who was Najmaddeen Il Ghazi and Soltan of Malatya Tughrul Arslan and Atabeg have won Balak Porsuk and  enforced him to drive back.

            In the meantime,conflicts of throne had started among the Seljukes. Brother of shahin Shakh, Masoud had siezed the throne of Anatolian Seljukes with assistance of his father in-law,  Amer ghazi Gumushtekin from Danishmands in 1116.  In  the meantime, Malatian Seljukes and Artugs have been fighting against to Franks (westerns).  This event is an opportunity which Izak, Chieftain of Mengujek knew (1118 – 1142) orgainzed an invasion onto Harpout’s residents in relation to Soltan Tughrul Arslan in 1118.  Whereupon, he, as an “Atabeg” governor of Tughrul Arslan had organized an invasion onto this region in 1119. At this juncture, Balak, as a governor of Tughrul that was administrating this region attacked onto principality of Mangujakand siezed Kamah environs in 1119.  Tughrul Arslan and his Governor (Atabeg) Balak had confederated with Amer Ghazi Gumushtakeen against to them when Izak who was chaiftain of Mangujak provided an  assistance of  Rumen Duke of Trabzon,Constantius Gabras turned back. Constantius Gabras and  chaiftain of Mangujak, Izak had been prisoned in operated battle in Shiran environ bounded to Gumushhane in (1120).  Hereupon Amer Ghazi Gumushtekin took out of prisoners without advising Tughrul Arslan and Balak, Danishmands and Seljukes  were on strained terms.

            In 1122, Chaiftain of Artughs, Najmaddeen Il Ghazi died. Even though his son Hosamaddeen Temourtash replaced instead of his succession, the essential goverment of countrywas in hand of Balak, chieftain of Malatya Soltan, Tughrul beg.

               Amer Ghazi Gumushtekin of Danishmands who had avoided from arms of Balak was not being able to dare attacking over Malatya’s Soltan, Tughrul Arslan. However, after death of Balak in 1124,  Amer Ghazi Gumushtekin of Danishmands attacked onto Malatya with Soltan of Malatya, the first Masoud. Even though the quarter was ally occupied, Malatya did not become resigned. Gumushtekin said his son, Mohammad, to maintain the siege and turned. Mohammad has settled down near Samankoy and kept the town under the siege for six months. Hereupon a dearth has started in Malatya,Tughrul Arslan wanted assistance from  the crusaders. Meantime, the crusaders had been struggling to sieze Aleppo were too late to help him. Tughrul Arslan took his mother and recede from his position  for living in castle of Minshar. He delivered Malatya to Gumushtekin who has come (1124).

            After Soltan of Anatolian Seljukes, the first Masoud’s Tughrul Arslan was discarded, he left Malatya to Amer Ghazi. However, his Malik Arab who was ruling over Ankara, Kastamonu and its environs got angry at deliverance of area to Danishmands or  using as an excuse to this event, he attacked onto the 1st Masoud with a powerful army that he collected in 1126. Soltan, the 1st Masoud was won due to Amer Ghazi Gumushtekin, on that time was busy with Artugs.

            By taking an assistance from  the Emperior of Byzantine,  the 2nd Johannes Commenous and he collaborated with his father in-law, Amer Ghazi Gumushtekin and then they defeated Maaliq Arab. Thus, conflicts of  throne of  Anatolian Seljukes had ended.

            During death of Danishmand Ghazi Gumushtekin in 1134, even though he who was his older son, Malik Mohamad took the throne. His brothers, Ain - ud dawlah and Yaghan did not disavow his Soltanate.  Maaliq Mohamad had got Yaghan killed in 1135, therefore, Ain-ud Dawlah escaped to Malatya. But, he could not have survived here. Throne Conflicts have started among his sons as; Zunun, Ibrahim and Yunus when he died in 1143. sons of Balak, yaghıbasan and Ain-ud-Dawlah  have also joined to those conflicts.   Ain-ud –Dawlah who had left Malatya before that collaborated with Yunus, Chieftain of Mishar Castle and  turned back. People of the town accepted him as a sovereign. As to the 1st Masoud supplied to Zunnun. Sultan the 1st Masoud has beleaguered Malatya  after he had defeated Yaghıbasan in 1143. The siege had been raisen upon the Byzantines proceeded to the attack. The first Masoud who had beleaguered the town once again he could not have siezed the town once more upon the emperior of Byzantine the 1st Manualo Comnenous contra- attacked in 1144.

            When Ain-ud Dawlah died in 1152, his son at childish age, Zdulqarnain had taken the throne. Yaghıbasan who was ruling in Sivas had coordinated with Zdulqarnain against to the 1st Masoud. Upon Seljukes attacked onto Sivas, Yaghibasan begged a request for him to forgive him. Thus, Yaghibasan was discarded. And attacked onto Malatya, in this way Zhulqarnain understood that he could not have defend the city against to the 1st Masoud and then delivered to city to him and accepted the sovereignity of Seljukes.

            His son, the 2nd Kilich Arslan replaced instead of him when the 1st Masoud died in 1155.  Amer of Sivas, Yaghibasan and Amer of Kaiseri Zunnun and Amer of Malatya Zhulqarnain dind not accepted his sultanate.      

            The 2nd Kilich Arslan who had been won by Arms of alliance rebelling in order to acquire Amer of Ankara-Chankiri, Shainshakh casted himself upon Byzantines’  kindness on the off and turned with the support that  he received from Byzantines. Kara Aslan of Artuks, Amer of Mardin- Nejmeddin Alp, Chieftain of Dilmachsons-Fahraddin Dawlat Shakh have joined to him. Yaghibasan had to escape  when the 2nd Kilich Arslan from westren side and others from eastren side have attacked onto him. the 2nd Kilich Arslan struggled to sieze Malatya from now on in (1163). Amer of Malatya, Amer ZhulQarnain  had died in 1162 and his son,Maaliq Nasiruddin Mohamad  had replaced instead of him. However,his brother, Feridon dethroned him. Maaliq Nasiruddin Mohamad had entreated the 2nd Kilich Arslan indulgence.

            Anatolian Seljukes had beleaguered Malatya benefiting by this chaos in 1171. Feridon who understood that he would not be able to resist more left the town and had entreated , Atabeg Nureddin Mahmood, competitor of the 2nd Kilich Arslan indulgence. The 2nd Kilich Arslan laid off the siege due to Nureddin Mahmood had prepared to the war. He sent 12.000 individuals from Malatya environs by refuging and turned to Qaiseri.